MyBatis学习

前置知识

配置JDK1.8

运行环境: ubuntu x64

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解压到/opt下
sudo tar -zxvf jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /opt

配置全局环境变量
sudo vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_331
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

使环境变量生效
source /etc/profile

验证是否安装成功
java -version

JDBC

是java用于数据库连接的标准API

JDBC连接数据库示例代码如下:

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String CLASS_NAME = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql"
String USERNAME = "root";
String PASSWORD = "root";

Class.forName(CLASS_NAME);// 注册JDBC驱动类
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWORD);

Maven

项目架构管理工具,自动导入jar包

安装

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解压到/opt下
sudo tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.8.5-bin.tar.gz -C /opt

配置全局环境变量
sudo vim /etc/profile
export MAVEN_HOME=/opt/apache-maven-3.8.5
export M2_HOME=$MAVEN_HOME/bin
export PATH=$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$PATH

使环境变量生效
source /etc/profile

验证是否安装成功
mvn -v

配置阿里云镜像

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<mirror>
<id>aliyunmaven</id>
<mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
<name>阿里云公共仓库</name>
<url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
</mirror>

设置本地仓库

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在maven文件夹下新建文件夹maven-repo并打开配置文件
<localRepository>/opt/apache-maven-3.8.5/maven-repo</localRepository>

使用maven创建web项目

直接从官网抄过来改改

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mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.mycompany.app -DartifactId=my-app -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DarchetypeVersion=1.4 -DinteractiveMode=false

缩写“GAV”:groupId、artifactId、version

groupId是域名倒着写,artifactId是项目名,archetypeArtifactId是要使用的maven模板,这里用webapp来的模板

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mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.w -DartifactId=javaweb-01-maven -Dversion=1.0-SNAPSHOT -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DarchetypeVersion=RELEASE -DinteractiveMode=false

idea中配置Tomcat

添加配置(Run/Debug Configuration)-> Add New Configuration -> Tomcat Server(Local)

name随便填,配置Application server为tomcat所在目录,配置JRE为jdk所在目录;在deployment中创建Artifact解决warning,Application context为虚拟目录,配置为xxx则访问路径为http://[ip]:8080/xxx/

配置完成后即可启动项目

pom.xml

以javaweb-01-maven项目的pom.xml为例

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<!-- 配置的GAV -->
<groupId>com.w</groupId>
<artifactId>javaweb-01-maven</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<!-- package:项目的打包方式。jar:java应用,war:javaweb应用-->
<packaging>war</packaging>

<name>javaweb-01-maven Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>

<!-- 配置 -->
<properties>
<!-- 项目的默认构建编码 -->
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<!-- 编码版本 -->
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>

<!-- 依赖 -->
<dependencies>
<!-- 具体依赖的jar包配置文件,maven的高级之处在于会帮你导入这个jar包所依赖的其他jar包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

<!-- 项目构建用的东西 -->
<build>
<finalName>javaweb-01-maven</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
<!-- 在build中需要配置resources,防止资源导出失败的问题 -->
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>

Tomcat

java的web 容器

安装

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解压到/opt下
sudo tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-9.0.62.tar.gz -C /opt

配置全局环境变量
sudo vim /etc/profile
export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.62

使环境变量生效
source /etc/profile

Mybatis第一个程序

思路流程:搭建环境–>导入Mybatis—>编写代码—>测试

创建maven项目

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mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.w -DartifactId=Mybatis-Study -Dversion=1.0-SNAPSHOT -DinteractiveMode=false

编写mybatis核心配置文件

用于设置mybatis数据库连接驱动,host,用户名和密码

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.50:33060/mybatis?userSSL=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;serverTimezone=GMT"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="org/mybatis/example/BlogMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>

编写mybatis工具类

mybatisUtils.java

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package com.w.utils;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class mybatisUtils {

private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;

static {
try {
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
}

}

创建实体类

pojo.User

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package com.w.pojo;

// 实体类
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;

//构造,无参
public User() {

}
//构造,有参
public User(int id, String name, String pwd) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.pwd = pwd;
}

//setter/getter
//toString()
}

编写Mapper接口类

dao.UserDao等同于UserMapper

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package com.w.dao;

import com.w.pojo.User;

import java.util.List;

public interface UserDao {
List<User> getUserList();
}

编写Mapper.xml配置文件

dao.UserMapper.xml,使用了绑定的方式,实现了mapper接口类中的getUserList方法,注意namespace写UserMapper接口类的完全限定名,id写绑定的方法,以及resultType要写完全限定名

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace绑定一个Dao/Mapper接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.w.dao.UserDao">
<!--select查询语句,id绑定抽象方法,resultType为返回的实体类-->
<select id="getUserList" resultType="com.w.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
</select>

</mapper>

测试

junit测试,test.java.com.w.dao.UserDaoTest

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public class UserDaoTest {

@Test
public void test() {
// first step: get SqlSession object
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
// second step: execute sql
UserDao userDao = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDao.class);
List<User> userList = userDao.getUserList();

for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}

// close sqlSession
sqlSession.close();

}
}

可能会遇到的问题:

  1. 配置文件没有注册
  2. 绑定接口错误
  3. 方法名不对
  4. 返回类型不对
  5. Maven导出资源问题

小结

主要有七个步骤:

  1. 创建maven项目,配置pom.xml
  2. 编写mybatisUtils工具类,封装读取数据库配置文件并返回sqlSession
  3. 上一步需要一个数据库连接配置文件,故创建resources\mybatis-config.xml 数据库连接配置文件
  4. 建立pojo\user用户实体类
  5. UserDao抽象接口,也可以写作UserMapper
  6. UserMapper.xml配置sql方法,绑定了抽象接口的getUserList方法,等同于实现了这个方法
  7. 编写测试UserDaoTest,调用getUserList方法

CRUD操作及配置解析

select

步骤:

  1. UserMapper.java接口中添加接口
  2. UserMapper.xml配置文件中绑定selectUserById接口,即实现它。
  3. 在UserMapperTest.java中实现测试类

UserMapper.java

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User selectUserById(int id);

UserMapper.xml

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<select id="selectUserById" resultType="com.w.pojo.User" parameterType="int">
select * from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
</select>

UserMapperTest.java

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@Test
public void testSelectUserById() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = userMapper.selectUserById(1);
System.out.println(user);
sqlSession.close();
}

insert

UserMapper.java

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int addUser(User user);

UserMapper.xml

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<insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.w.pojo.User">
insert into mybatis.user (id, name, pwd) values (#{id}, #{name}, #{pwd});
</insert>

UserMapperTest.java

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@Test
public void testAddUser() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
userMapper.addUser(new User(4, "嘿嘿", "123qwe"));
// 增删改必须提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}

update

UserMapper.java

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int updateUser(User user);

UserMapper.xml

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<update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.w.pojo.User">
update mybatis.user set name = #{name}, pwd = #{pwd} where id = #{id};
</update>

UserMapperTest.java

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@Test
public void testUpdateUser() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
userMapper.updateUser(new User(4, "哈哈", "123qwe"));
// 增删改必须提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}

delete

UserMapper.java

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int deleteUser(int id);

UserMapper.xml

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<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">
delete from mybatis.user where id = #{id};
</delete>

UserMapperTest.java

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@Test
public void testDeleteUser() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
userMapper.deleteUser(4);
// 增删改必须提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}

注意点:增删改需要事务

万能map

在insert操作时,如果参数类型为一个User对象com.w.pojo.User, 那么需要在insert语句中将这个对象的每个属性都写出来,如果该对象有过多的属性,每个都写出来就非常不方便。所以参数类型可以传入一个map

insert

UserMapper.java

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int addUser2(Map<String, Object> map);

UserMapper.xml

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<insert id="addUser2" parameterType="map">
insert into mybatis.user (id, pwd) values (#{userid}, #{password});
</insert>

UserMapperTest.java

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@Test
public void testAddUser2() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("userid", 5);
map.put("password", "qweqwe");
userMapper.addUser2(map);
// 增删改必须提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}

select

UserMapper.java

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User selectUserById2(Map<String, Object> map);

UserMapper.xml

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<select id="selectUserById2" resultType="com.w.pojo.User" parameterType="map">
select * from mybatis.user where id = #{userid}
</select>

UserMapperTest.java

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@Test
public void testSelectUserById2() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("userid", 2);

User user = userMapper.selectUserById2(map);
System.out.println(user);
sqlSession.close();
}

小结

Map传递参数,直接在sql中取出key即可

对象传递参数,直接在sql中取对象的属性即可

只有一个基本类型的情况下,可以直接在sql中取到

多个参数用Map,或者注解

模糊查询

注意sql注入的问题

  1. java代码执行的时候传递通配符% %

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    List<User> userList = userMapper.selectUsersLike("%张%");
  2. 在sql拼接中使用通配符% %

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    select * from mybatis.user where name like "%"#{value}"%"

配置解析

  • mybatis-config.xml 系统核心配置文件
  • 能配置的内容如下
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configuration(配置)
properties(属性)
settings(设置)
typeAliases(类型别名)
typeHandlers(类型处理器)
objectFactory(对象工厂)
plugins(插件)
environments(环境配置)
environment(环境变量)
transactionManager(事务管理器)
dataSource(数据源)
databaseIdProvider(数据库厂商标识)
mappers(映射器)
<!-- 注意元素节点的顺序!顺序不对会报错 -->

environment

数据库连接配置,能配置多套环境

mappers

定义映射SQL语句文件,告诉 MyBatis 到哪里去找到这些语句

Properties

数据库这些属性都是可外部配置且可动态替换的,配置与代码分离

db.properties

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driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.50:33060/mybatis?userSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8&serverTimezone=GMT
username=root
password=root

mybatis-config.xml

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<properties resource="db.properties"/>

typeAliases


MyBatis学习
https://wanf3ng.github.io/2022/04/30/MyBatis学习/
作者
wanf3ng
发布于
2022年4月30日
许可协议